There are many policy-related areas within this concentration, such as population and economic or political development; demographic theory and methods; economic demography; fertility/fecundity; mathematical/statistical demography; population and the environment; health; immigration/migration; mortality; poverty; child wellbeing; urbanization; and aging. Students are required to choose one area. As part of the graduate training, students are required to demonstrate competence in mathematics and statistics, and have a strong background in demography.