Training in urban policy studies at the doctoral level is carried out primarily but not exclusively within Cluster IV. This cluster offers a curriculum of courses, seminars, and general examinations that cover various topics related to the social, economic, political, and spatial organization of cities in both the developed and developing world, as well as the effect of different urban settings on salient dimensions of human well-being. Particular emphasis is placed on harnessing the theories and methods of social science to study urban forms and characteristics and their influence on individual behavior and group outcomes.